Big Tech Bets on Nuclear Fission: Meet the Startups Powering AI Data Centers

Big Tech Turns to Nuclear Fission to Power the AI Boom

As artificial intelligence drives a surge in electricity demand, tech giants like Amazon, Google, Microsoft, and Meta are investing in a once-overlooked energy source: nuclear fission. Unlike fusion, which remains experimental, fission is powering a new wave of innovation, particularly through small modular reactors (SMRs) designed for safety, efficiency, and scalability.

These next-gen reactors are becoming critical to meet the 24/7 power needs of AI-powered data centers. Here’s a look at the top nuclear fission startups that are gaining traction and Big Tech backing:

1. Kairos Power

Backed by Google, Kairos Power plans to deliver 500 megawatts by 2035. Its molten fluoride salt-cooled SMRs aim to boost safety and efficiency. The company has already secured federal funding and regulatory approval for its first test units in Tennessee.

2. Oklo

With backing from OpenAI CEO Sam Altman and others, Oklo is targeting data center operators like Switch with plans to supply 12 gigawatts by 2044. Despite initial regulatory setbacks, the company is pushing forward with designs based on liquid metal cooling and reduced nuclear waste.

3. Saltfoss (formerly Seaborg)

Saltfoss is taking a unique approach by deploying its molten salt reactors on ships—creating floating nuclear “Power Barges.” Backed by Bill Gates and Peter Thiel, and in partnership with Samsung Heavy Industries, Saltfoss is preparing for a new wave of mobile energy infrastructure.

4. TerraPower

Founded by Bill Gates, TerraPower’s Natrium reactor combines liquid sodium cooling with molten salt storage for flexible power generation. The Wyoming-based plant, which broke ground in 2024, aims to deliver 345 megawatts, blending nuclear stability with storage innovation.

5. X-Energy

Amazon led X-Energy’s $700 million Series C-1 round. The company’s high-temperature gas-cooled Xe-100 reactors use helium and graphite-coated fuel pebbles to produce 80 megawatts. Projects in the Pacific Northwest and Virginia are underway.

Conclusion: A Nuclear-Powered Future for Tech

As demand for clean, continuous energy intensifies, Big Tech is driving a nuclear renaissance through strategic investments in advanced fission startups. With scalable SMRs and novel reactor designs, these startups may become the backbone of tomorrow’s AI-powered, carbon-free infrastructure.

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